Experience sampling methods for the personalised prediction of mental health problems in Spanish university students: protocol for a survey-based observational study within the PROMES-U project.

INTRODUCTION: There is a high prevalence of mental health problems among university students. Better prediction and treatment access for this population is needed. In recent years, short-term dynamic factors, which can be assessed using experience sampling methods (ESM), have presented promising results for predicting mental health problems. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Undergraduate students from five public universities in Spain are recruited to participate in two web-based surveys (at baseline and at 12-month follow-up). A subgroup of baseline participants is recruited through quota sampling to participate in a 15-day ESM study. The baseline survey collects information regarding distal risk factors, while the ESM study collects short-term dynamic factors such as affect, company or environment. Risk factors will be identified at an individual and population level using logistic regressions and population attributable risk proportions, respectively. Machine learning techniques will be used to develop predictive models for mental health problems. Dynamic structural equation modelling and multilevel mixed-effects models will be considered to develop a series of explanatory models for the occurrence of mental health problems. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The project complies with national and international regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki and the Code of Ethics, and has been approved by the IRB Parc de Salut Mar (2020/9198/I) and corresponding IRBs of all participating universities. All respondents are given information regarding access mental health services within their university and region. Individuals with positive responses on suicide items receive a specific alert with indications for consulting with a health professional. Participants are asked to provide informed consent separately for the web-based surveys and for the ESM study. Dissemination of results will include peer-reviewed scientific articles and participation in scientific congresses, reports with recommendations for universities' mental health policy makers, as well as a well-balanced communication strategy to the general public. STUDY REGISTRATION: osf.io/p7csq.

Efficacy of a multidisciplinary care protocol for the treatment of operated hip fracture patients.

To assess the effects of a multidisciplinary care protocol on cost, length of hospital stay (LOS), and mortality in hip-fracture-operated patients over 65 years. Prospective cohort study between 2011 and 2017. The unexposed group comprised patients who did not receive care according to the multidisciplinary protocol, while the exposed group did. Variables analyzed were demographics, medical comorbidities, treatment, blood parameters, surgical delay, LOS, re-admissions, mortality, and a composite outcome considering in-hospital mortality and/or LOS > 10 days. We performed a Poisson regression and cost analysis. The cohort included 681 patients: 310 unexposed and 371, exposed. The exposed group showed a shorter surgical delay (3.0 vs. 3.6 days; p < 0.001), and a higher proportion received surgery within 48 h (46.1% vs. 34.2%, p = 0.002). They also showed lower rates of 30-day readmission (9.4% vs. 15.8%, p = 0.012), 30-day mortality (4.9% vs. 9.4%, p = 0.021), in-hospital mortality (3.5% vs. 7.7%; p = 0.015), and LOS (8.4 vs. 9.1 days, p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed a protective effect of the protocol on the composite outcome (risk ratio 0.62, 95% CI 0.48-0.80, p < 0.001). Hospital costs were reduced by EUR 112,153.3. A multidisciplinary shared care protocol was associated with a reduction in the LOS, surgical delay, 30-day readmissions, and in-hospital and 30-day mortality, in hip-fracture-operated patients.

Validación española de la Escala de Adicción a Videojuegos para Adolescentes (GASA) / Spanish validation of Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GASA)

OBJETIVO: El objetivo es adaptar y validar la escala Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GASA) a población juvenil española. DISEÑO: Estudio de adaptación cultural y validación. Emplazamiento: Centros de educación secundaria seleccionados por conveniencia. PARTICIPANTES: Se realizan dos estudios independientes con 466 jóvenes de 15,27 años (13-18, DT: 1,83) 48,7%♀ y 556 de 21,24 años (19-26; DT: 1,86) 44,1%♀. Mediciones: Adicción a los videojuegos (GASA); Conducta de juego (Cuestionario de hábitos de uso de videojuegos), Impulsividad. (Escala de Impulsividad de Plutchik) y Presión de grupo (cuestionario ad hoc). RESULTADOS: La versión española de GASA ha mostrado buena fiabilidad y una estructura factorial fiel a la de la escala original. En cuanto a la validez de criterio, las puntuaciones de GASA son significativamente diferentes en función de 4 criterios asociados al juego problemático: intensidad y frecuencia de juego, impulsividad y presión de grupo. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados muestran que la versión adaptada de GASA es una medida adecuada y válida para la evaluación de la conducta problemática de videojuegos

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to adapt and validate the Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GASA) to the Spanish youth population. DESIGN: Cultural adaptation and validation study. SETTING: Secondary Education centres. PARTICIPANTS: Two independent studies were conducted on a group of 466 young people with a mean age of 15.27 years (13-18, SD: 1.83) and 48.7% ♀ and on another group of 566, with a mean age of 21.24 years (19-26; SD: 1.86) 44.1% ♀. Measurements: Addiction to video games (GASA); Game behavior (Game habits usage questionnaire), Impulsiveness (Plutchik Impulsiveness Scale) and Group Pressure (Ad hoc questionnaire). RESULTS: The Spanish version of GASA has shown good reliability and true to the original scale factor structure. As regards criterion validity, GASA scores are significantly different according to four criteria related to problem gambling: Game intensity and frequency, impulsiveness, and peer pressure. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the adapted version GASA is adequate and a valid tool for assessing problematic gaming behavior

[Spanish validation of Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GASA)]. / Validación española de la Escala de Adicción a Videojuegos para Adolescentes (GASA).

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to adapt and validate the Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GASA) to the Spanish youth population. DESIGN: Cultural adaptation and validation study. SETTING: Secondary Education centres. PARTICIPANTS: Two independent studies were conducted on a group of 466 young people with a mean age of 15.27 years (13-18, SD: 1.83) and 48.7% ♀ and on another group of 566, with a mean age of 21.24 years (19-26; SD: 1.86) 44.1% ♀. MEASUREMENTS: Addiction to video games (GASA); Game behavior (Game habits usage questionnaire), Impulsiveness (Plutchik Impulsiveness Scale) and Group Pressure (Ad hoc questionnaire). RESULTS: The Spanish version of GASA has shown good reliability and true to the original scale factor structure. As regards criterion validity, GASA scores are significantly different according to four criteria related to problem gambling: Game intensity and frequency, impulsiveness, and peer pressure. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the adapted version GASA is adequate and a valid tool for assessing problematic gaming behaviour.

Consumo de alcohol y factores intervinientes en estudiantes universitarios / Alcohol consumption and intervening factors observed in university students

Objetivo: dar cuenta de algunos elementos intervinientes en la conducta de beber, consumo de riesgo y la dependencia del alcohol, en un grupo poblacional de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Métodos: estudio multimétodo de corte transversal en 538 estudiantes universitarios. Se aplicaron varios instrumentos previamente validados por expertos, entre ellos, el test de identificación de los trastornos debidos al consumo de alcohol, el cuestionario acerca de las expectativas hacia el alcohol y el cuestionario de creencias acerca del consumo de alcohol. Los datos se recopilaron entre marzo y junio de 2010. Para el análisis de correlaciones entre variables cualitativas se utilizó la prueba ji-cuadrada de independencia, la prueba exacta de Fisher y la prueba Z, para comparar las proporciones. En todos las ocasiones se trabajó con p £ 0,05. Resultados: del total de estudiantes entrevistados el 82,3 % había consumido alcohol en algún momento de su vida, el 66,0 %, no tenían problemas con el consumo de esta sustancia, 21,6 % tenían consumo perjudicial y el 12,5 % presentaban ya dependencia, según el test de identificación de los trastornos debidos al consumo de alcohol. Conclusiones: las expectativas, creencias, la publicidad, las costumbres familiares y sociales, tienen una relación favorable para el consumo de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios en Medellín, Colombia.

Objective: to present some intervening factors in drinking behavior, risky consumption and alcohol-dependence found in a population group of Medellin city in Colombia. Methods: cross-sectional multi-method study of 538 university students. Several expert-validated instruments were applied and through Rash's method, such as a test to identify alcohol consumption-related disorders, an alcohol expectancy questionnaire, expectancies, a questionnaire of beliefs on alcohol consumption and a questionnaire on rites, social and family traditions. Data were collected from March to June 2010. For the correlation analysis among the qualitative variables, Chi-square test of independence, Fisher's exact test and Z test were used to compare proportions. The value used was p £ 0.05. Results: out of the total number of students who were interviewed, 82.3 % had taken alcohol at some time of their lifetime, 66 % had no problems with alcohol consumption, 21.6 % showed harmful consumption and 12.5 were already alcohol-dependent, according to the test of identification of alcohol consumption-related disorders. Conclusions: expectancies, beliefs, advertising, family and social customs have favorable association with the alcohol consumption in university students in Medellin, Colombia.

Predictive models of alcohol use based on attitudes and individual values.

Two predictive models are developed in this article: the first is designed to predict people's attitudes to alcoholic drinks, while the second sets out to predict the use of alcohol in relation to selected individual values. University students (N = 1,500) were recruited through stratified sampling based on sex and academic discipline. The questionnaire used obtained information on participants' alcohol use, attitudes and personal values. The results show that the attitudes model correctly classifies 76.3% of cases. Likewise, the model for level of alcohol use correctly classifies 82% of cases. According to our results, we can conclude that there are a series of individual values that influence drinking and attitudes to alcohol use, which therefore provides us with a potentially powerful instrument for developing preventive intervention programs.

Eating habits, physical activity, consumption of substances and eating disorders in adolescents.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between adolescents with a high or low risk of developing an eating disorder (ED) in different health behaviors (eating habits, physical activity and the consumption of substances) per gender. The EAT-40 and the Inventory of Behavioral Health in Scholars were applied to 2142 middle school students from Alicante (Spain), of whom 52.8% were girls and 47.2% were boys, with an average age of 13.92 years old (Sd = 1.34). Results indicated that girls with a high risk of developing an ED consumed fewer meals, ate fewer unhealthy foods, followed more diets and paid more attention to nutritional components. Furthermore, they also performed more physical activity with the objective of losing weight, and consumed more tobacco, alcohol and medicines. Boys at high risk of developing an ED followed more diets and paid more attention to nutritional components. For boys, no more differences were found. These results suggest that any program directed at the prevention of ED should not only include nutritional education, but should also seek to promote regular physical activity with objectives other than weight loss or the burning of calories.

Eating habits, physical activity, consumption of substances and eating disorders in adolescents

The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between adolescents with a high or low risk of developing an eating disorder (ED) in different health behaviors (eating habits, physical activity and the consumption of substances) per gender. The EAT-40 and the Inventory of Behavioral Health in Scholars were applied to 2142 middle school students from Alicante (Spain), of whom 52.8% were girls and 47.2% were boys, with an average age of 13.92 years old (Sd = 1.34). Results indicated that girls with a high risk of developing an ED consumed fewer meals, ate fewer unhealthy foods, followed more diets and paid more attention to nutritional components. Furthermore, they also performed more physical activity with the objective of losing weight, and consumed more tobacco, alcohol and medicines. Boys at high risk of developing an ED followed more diets and paid more attention to nutritional components. For boys, no more differences were found. These results suggest that any program directed at the prevention of ED should not only include nutritional education, but should also seek to promote regular physical activity with objectives other than weight loss or the burning of calories (AU)

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar las diferencias entre los adolescentes con mayor y menor riesgo de desarrollar un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) en diferentes conductas relacionadas con la salud (hábitos alimentarios, actividad física y consumo de sustancias) por género. Se administró el EAT-40 y el Inventario de Conductas de Salud en Escolares a 2142 adolescentes estudiantes de secundaria de la provincia de Alicante (España), de los que el 52.8% fueron chicas y 47.2% chicos, con una edad media de 13.92 años (Dt = 1.34). Los resultaros indicaron que las chicas con mayor riesgo de desarrollar un TCA realizaban menos comidas, realizaban más dietas y prestaban más atención a los componentes de la alimentación. Además, también realizaban más actividad física con el objetivo de perder peso, y consumían más tabaco, alcohol y medicamentos. Los chicos con mayor riesgo de desarrollar un TCA realizaban más dietas y prestaban más atención a los diferentes componentes de la alimentación. No se encontraron más diferencias en el caso de los chicos. Estos resultados sugieren que cualquier programa dirigido a la prevención de los TCA debe incluir, no sólo educación nutricional, sino también la promoción de la práctica regular de actividad física, con objetivos distintos a la pérdida de peso y a quemar calorías (AU)

Representación de la Enfermedad, Afrontamiento y Ajuste en los Trastornos Alimentarios / Illness Representation, Coping and Adjustment in Eating Disorders

El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar la representación de la enfermedad en pacientes con un trastorno alimentario (TA), así como su relación con el afrontamiento y el ajuste, utilizando como marco teórico el Modelo del Sentido Común de Leventhal. Método: Participaron 98 mujeres diagnosticadas de un TA. La media de edad fue 20.8 años (dt=5.61). Para evaluar la representación de la enfermedad se administró la adaptación española para los TA del Cuestionario de Percepción de la Enfermedad Revisado (IPQ-R). Resultados: Respecto a la identidad, los síntomas más señalados fueron la “pérdida de peso” (89.8%) y las “alteraciones en la menstruación” (81.6%). Consideran que su enfermedad tiene una larga duración y serias consecuencias, así como que tienen control y siguiendo un tratamiento es posible su curación. El 21% de la varianza de las estrategias evitativas fue explicado por diferentes dimensiones de la representación de la enfermedad. Se confirman los efectos directos de la representación de la enfermedad sobre el ajuste, pero no los del afrontamiento. Conclusiones: Los resultados apoyan la necesidad de intervenir sobre las creencias que tienen estas pacientes sobre su enfermedad con el fin de mejorar su ajuste psicosocial (AU)

Introduction: Using Leventhal’s Common Sense Model, this paper describes the representation of illness in patients with eating disorders (ED), along with its relationship with coping and adjustment Method: Participants were 98 female eating disorder patients. Mean age was 20.8 (SD=5.61). In order to measure illness representation, the subjects completed the Spanish version of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R). Results: The most frequently experienced symptoms (identity) were “weight loss” (89.8%) and “irregularities in menstruation” (81.6%). ED patients perceived their illness as controllable, treatable, and as a chronic condition with serious consequences. Illness representation variables explained 21% of the variance of avoidance strategy. Results demonstrated that coping did not mediate the link between representation and adjustment. Conclusions: Findings indicate that illness representations of ED patients can have significant implications for their adjustment (AU)